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• Details about the joint

1. GH joint(Convex on Concave)
   1. ROM : Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, external rotation, internal rotation, horizontal abduction, horizontal adduction
   2. CPOR : Abduction, external rotation, internal rotation > Adduction, flexion, extension
   3. Open packed position : 60° abduction + 60° horizontal abduction
   4. Cloded packed position : maximum horizontal abductino + maximum external rotation
2. Acromioclavicular joint(Concave on Convex)
   1. ROM : Protraction, retraction, elevation, depression
   2. Open packed position : Arm resting by side
   3. Closed packed position : arm abduction 90 degree
3. Sternoclavicula joint
   1. ROM :
   2. Open packed position : Arm resting by side
   3. Closed packed postition : the clavicle is maximally (posteriorly) rotated, as occurs during maximum arm elevation and full scapular rotation
4. Humeroulnar joint (Concave on Convex)
   1. ROM :
   2. CPOR : Flexion > Extension
   3. Open packed position : 70° flexion
   4. Closed packed postion : Full extension
5. Humeroradial joint(Concave on Convex)
   1. ROM : flexion(150°), extension(0-10°)
   2. CPOR : Flexion > Extension
   3. Open packed position : Full extension and supination
   4. Closed packed postion : 90° flexion
6. Proximal Radioulnar joint (Convex on Concave)
   1. ROM : Supination(90°), Pronation (90°)
   2. CPOR : Supination =Pronation
   3. Open packed position : 35° supination at 70° flexion
   4. Closed packed postion : 5° supination
7. Distal Radioulnar joint (Concave on Convex)
   1. ROM : Supination(90°), Pronation (90°)
   2. CPOR : Supination =Pronation
   3. Open packed position : 10° supination
   4. Closed packed postion : 5° supination
8. Radiocarpal joint/Ulnocarpal joint(Convex on Concave)
9. Coxal joint(Convex on Concave)
   1. ROM : Flexion(0-120) , Extension(0-15), Abduction(0-45), Adduction(0-20), Internal rotation(0-30), External rotation(0-45)
   2. CPOR : Felxiont, Abduction, Internal rotation
   3. Open packed postion : 30° flexion + 30° abduction with slight external rotation
   4. Closed packed postion: Full extension, full abduction, full internal rotation
10. Sacroiliac joint
    1. Sacroiliac Joint – Physiopedia (physio-pedia.com)
11. Tibiofemoral joint (Concave on Convex)
    1. ROM : Flexion(135), extension(0-10), internal rotation (10), external rotation ( 15)
    2. CPOR : flexion
    3. Open packed position : 25-30° flexion
    4. Close packed position : Full extension + lateral rotation
12. Patellofemoral joint(Concave on Convex)
    1. Open pack position : Full extension
    2. Close packed position : Full flexion
13. Proximal Tibiofubular joint ( Convex on Concave)
    1. Assist with dorsiflexion (Only a small amount of gliding movement)
14. Distal Tibiofibular joint (Concave on Convex)
    1. It is a fibrous joint, the only joint in appendicular skeleton which is not synovial. There is not much movement allowed, however, a small amount may take place during movements at the ankle joint.
15. Talocrural joint(Convex on Concave)
16. Subtalar joint

• The planes of motion

1. Sagittal plane
   • Cuts the body into left and right halves. Forward and backward movements(Flexion and extension)
   • Squat, biceps curl
2. Coronal(frontal) palne
   • cuts the body into front and back halves,  side-to-side movements(Abduction and adduction, inversion and eversion)
   • Lateral arm and leg raises, side bend
3. Transverse plane
   •  top and bottom halves, rotation

1. Which of the following joints is considered Syndesmosis?

a. Sutures of the skull

b. Interosseous membrane

c. Radio-carpal joint

d. Gleno-humeral joint

• Which of the following joints physiologically similar to 1st carpometacarpal joint?

a. Temporomandibular joint

b. Acromion-clavicular joint (plane synovial)

c. Sacro-iliac joint (Diarthroidal synovial)

d. Sterno-clavicular joint (Saddle Synovial)