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• Gait cycle
  1. Stance phase (60%)
     1. Heel strike : initial contact
     2. Load response : foot flat
     3. Mid-stance : push off, Hip and knee go into extension
     4. Terminal stance : Heel off, hip, knee and anke flex
     5. Pre-swing : toe-off, the begining of the swing phase
  2. Swing phase(40%) the foot does not have any contact with the ground
     1. initial swing : hip and knee flex, ankle dorsiflexion
     2. mid swing : hip and knee still flex, ankle dorsiflexion
     3. terminal swing : hip flex and knee maximum extension, ankle dorsiflexion
  3. valuable resources : Gait Cycle & Gait Analysis – YouTube

• Abnormal gait
  1. Antalgic gait
     • Painful gait, self protective gait
     • The stance phase on the affected leg is shorter than that on the unaffected leg
     • Antalgic Gait – Everything You Need To Know – Dr. Nabil Ebraheim – YouTube
  2. Ataxic gait
     • Cause : Injury to the cerebellum, Sensory deficits in lower limb
     • poor sensation or lacks muscle coordination
     • The patient watches the feet while walking
     • Assessment – Gait – Ataxic Gait Demonstration – YouTube
  3. Gluteus Maximus(Lurch) gait
     • Cause : weaken gluteus maximus muscle(primary hip extensor)
     • Trunk moves backward while walking
     • Gluteus Maximus Gait – Everything You Need To Know – Dr. Nabil Ebraheim – YouTube
  4. Gluteus medius(Trendelenburg) gait
     • Cause : hip abductor muscles(gluteus medius, gluteus minius)are weakend
     • The pelvic drops oppsit side(unaffected side is dropped), trunk goes laterally to other side(affected side) to keep balace while walking
     • Trendelenburg Gait – Everything You Need To Know – Dr. Nabil Ebraheim – YouTube
  5. Hemiplegic gait
     • referred to as neurogenic gait or flaccid gait
     • Cause :  lesion in the central nervous system
     • Swings the paraplegic leg outward and ahead in a circle
     • One side paralyzed
     • Assessment – Gait – Hemiplegic Gait Demonstration – YouTube
  6. Diplegic gait
     1. Both side paralyzed
     • Abnormal Gait Exam : Diplegic Gait Demonstration – YouTube
  7. Parkisonian gait
     • The gait is characterized by shuffling or short rapid steps at times
     • During the gait, the patient may lean forward and walk progressively faster as through unable to stop
     • Assessment – Gait – Parkinsonian Gait Demonstration – YouTube
  8. Quadricep gait
     • Cause : injured quadricep
     • Weak Quadriceps Gait (FGCU) – YouTube
  9. Sissors gait
     • Neurologenic or spastic gait
     • Cause : result of spastic paralysis of the hip adductor muscles
     • Scissors gait – YouTube
  10. Drop foot or steppage gait or slap gait
      • Cause : weak or paralyzed dorsiflexor muscles
      • Patient lifts the knee higher than normal to avoid dragging the foot.
      • can hear “slap”
      • Slap gait , Steppage Gait . Foot Drop – Everything You Need To Know – Dr. Nabil Ebraheim – YouTube
  11. Choreiform(Hyperkinetic) gait
      • Cause : Corea
      • Assessment – Gait – Choreiform Gait Demonstration – YouTube

1. What is the main issue in the Parkinson’s gait?

a. The swing stage is reduced

b. There is no stance stage

c. Heel strike is happening with a sudden drop

d. The stance stage is reduced