Classification of Joints

  1. Fibrous(Synarthrosis) joints
    • Bone to bone without cartilage
      • Suture : Skull(sutures)
      • Gomphosis : Connecting the Gum to teeth
      • Syndesmosis : Interosseous membrane between tibia and fibula, Interosseous membrane between radius and ulna
  1. Cartilageous(Amphiarthrosis) joints
    • Bone to bone by cartilage
      • Synchondrosis : Growth plates(epiphyseal plates) Costosternal joints
      • Symphyses  : Pubic symphysis, Intervertebral discs
  2.   Synovial(Diarthrosis) Joints
    • Bone to bone by the capsule which is fluid(Synovial fluid) inside. = Diarthrosis
      • Plane joint = sliding jont = gliding joint
        • Multiaxial joint, all movement allowed, but very little rotation
        • Example : Intercarpal joints. Intertarsal joint,  AcromioClavicular(AC) joint, subtalar joint
      • Ball and Socket joint
        • Multiaxial joint, all movements allowed
        • Example : GH joint, Hip joint
      • Pivot joint
        • Uniaxial joint / only uniaxial rotation
        • Example : C1/C2 joint(Atlantoaxial joint), Proximal and distal radioulnar joints
      • Hinge joint
        • Uniaxial joint / Only move one axis to flex or extend 
        • Example : Humeroulnar joint, PIP(Proximal Interphalangeal joint), DIP(Distal interphalangeal joint)
      • Condyloid joint = Ellipsoid joint
        • Biaxial joint/ flexion,extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction
        • Example : MCP(Metacarpalphalangeal joint),  Radiocarpal joint
      • Saddle joint
        • Biaxial joint / more freely movement than condyloid joint / flexion,extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction
        • Example : 1st Carpometacarpal joint,

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