Nerve system
1 CNS(central nerve system) Brain Spinal cord 2. PNS(peripheral nerve system) Spinal nerve Cranial nerve All other nerves except CNS Brain Cerebrum Frontal(Motor) → Broca area(frontal) : motor speech area,…
Knee and leg – Osgood Schlatter Disease
It is a condition that causes pain and swelling below the knee joint, where the patellar tendon attaches to the top of the shinbone (tibia), a spot called the tibial…
Knee and leg – Compartment syndromes : anterior leg compartment
A condition in which there is increased pressure within a closed osteofascial compartment, resulting in impaired local circulation. Because the fascia does not stretch, this can cause increased pressure on…
Knee and leg – Shin splint
Inflammation of the tibial periosteum= periostitis = medial tibial stress syndrome = tibial tenoperiostitis Risk factors : overuse, pes planus, Tight Achilles tendon Symptoms and signs Aching or dull pain…
Knee and leg – Meniscus injury
menisci play an important role in absorbing force Symptoms Swelling or stiffness Pain, especially when twisting or rotating the knee Difficulty fully straightening the knee "Locked" feeling when trying to…
Knee and leg – Sprain
Sprain of collateral ligament of knee Medial collateral ligament > lateral collateral ligament Classfication of sprain Grade 1 ; Mild or first degree sprain Overstretched ligaments No joint instability or…
Knee and leg – Joints
Tibiofemoral joint Concave on convex Flexion/extension Proximal Tibiofibular joint(convex on concave) a small amount may take place during movements at the ankle joint Distal tibiofibular joint(concave on convex) a small…
Flat Back
It may accompany hyperkyphosis or a lumbar hypolordosis. Posterior pelvic tilt and hip extension Tight and short muscles : hamstrings and abdominals Weak and stretched muscles : Lumbar extensors and…
Spine and Thorax : Joints
Atlanto-Occipital joint : flexion/extension/lateral flexion Atlanto-axial joint: rotation Intervetebral disc joint : flexion/extension/lateral flexion/rotation. Between C2 and S1 Facet joint : little movement Sternocostal joint